On the 13th anniversary of NATO's attack on then-Yugoslavia, I'm re-posting a piece that
ran on Antiwar.com in March 2005. Even after the
creation of the "Independent state of Kosovia" in 2008 - or perhaps even more so because of it - every word still applies.
An Evil Little War
[13*] Years Later, Kosovo Still Wrong
In the early hours of March 24, 1999, NATO
began the bombing of what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. For some reason,
many in the targeted nation thought the name of the operation was "
Merciful Angel." In fact, the attack was code-named "
Allied Force" – a cold, uninspired and perfectly descriptive moniker. For, however much NATO spokesmen and the
cheerleading press spun, lied, and fabricated to show otherwise (unfortunately, with altogether too much success), there was nothing noble in NATO’s aims. It attacked Yugoslavia for the same reason then-Emperor Bill Clinton
enjoyed a quickie in the Oval Office: because it could.
Most of the criticism of the 1999 war has focused on its conduct (targeting practices, effects, "collateral damage") and consequences. But though the conduct of the war by NATO was atrocious and the consequences have been
dire and criminal,
none of that changes the fact that by its very nature and from the very
beginning, NATO’s attack was a war of aggression: illegal, immoral, and
unjust; not "unsuccessful" or "mishandled," but just plain
wrong.
Illegal
There is absolutely no question that the NATO attack in March 1999 was
illegal. Article 2, section 4 of the UN Charter clearly says:
"All
Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat
or use of force against the territorial integrity or political
independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the
Purposes of the United Nations."
Some NATO members tried to
offer justification. London claimed the war was "justified" as a means
of preventing a "humanitarian catastrophe," but offered no legal grounds
for such a claim. Paris tried to create a tenuous link with UNSC
resolutions
1199 and
1203, which Belgrade was supposedly violating. However, NATO had deliberately bypassed the UN, rendering this argument moot.
Article 53 (
Chapter VIII) of the UN Charter clearly says that:
"The
Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional
arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. But
no enforcement action shall be taken under regional
arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the
Security Council." (emphasis added)
Furthermore, Article 103 (
Chapter XVI)
asserts its primacy over any other regional agreement, so NATO’s actions would have been illegal under the UN Charter even if the
Alliance had an obligation to act in Kosovo. Even NATO’s own charter –
the
North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 – was violated by the act of war in March 1999:
"Article 1
"The
Parties undertake, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations,
to settle any international dispute in which they may be involved by
peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security
and justice are not endangered, and to refrain in their
international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner
inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations. […]
"Article 7
"This
Treaty does not affect, and shall not be interpreted as affecting in
any way the rights and obligations under the Charter of the Parties
which are members of the United Nations, or the primary responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security." (emphasis added)
The attack
violated other laws and treaties as well: the
Helsinki Final Act of 1975 (violating the territorial integrity of a signatory state) and the 1980
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (using coercion to compel a state to sign a treaty – i.e., the
Rambouillet ultimatum).
Yugoslavia had not attacked any NATO members, nor indeed threatened the
security of any other country in the region; it was itself under an
attack by a
terrorist, irredentist organization. What NATO did on March 24, 1999 was an act of aggression, a
crime against peace.
Illegitimate
Perfectly
aware that the bombing was illegal, NATO leaders tried to create
justifications for it after the fact. They quickly seized upon a mass
exodus of Albanians from Kosovo, describing it as "ethnic cleansing" and
even "
genocide."
But as recent testimonies of Macedonian medical workers who took care
of Albanian refugees suggest, the Western press was engaging in
crude deceit, staging images of suffering refugees and peddling the most outrageous tall tales as unvarnished truth.
Stories
abounded of mass murder, orchestrated expulsions, mass rapes, seizure of identity papers, even crematoria and
mine shafts
filled with dead bodies. Little or no evidence was offered – and not
surprisingly, none found afterwards. The stories were part of a
Big Lie, aimed to justify the intervention, concocted by professional propagandists, and delivered by the KLA-coached refugees. The
KLA ran every camp in Macedonia and Albania, and there are
credible allegations they organized the exodus in many instances. Albanians who did not play along were killed.
Eventually, the "genocide" and other atrocity stories
were debunked
as propaganda. But they had served their purpose, conjuring a
justification for the war at the time. They had allowed NATO and its
apologists to claim the war – though "perhaps" illegal – was a moral and
legitimate affair. But there should be no doubt,
it was neither.
Unjust
Even
if one can somehow gloss over the illegal, illegitimate nature of the
war and the lies it was based on, would the war still not be justified,
if only because it led to the return of refugees? Well,
which
refugees? Certainly, many Kosovo Albanians – and quite a few from
Albania, it appears – came back, only to proceed to cleanse it
systematically of everyone else. Jews, Serbs, Roma, Turks, Ashkali,
Gorani - no community was safe from
KLA terror, not even the Albanians themselves. Those suspected of "collaborating" were brutally murdered, often
with entire families.
According to the Catholic
doctrine of "just war,"
a war of aggression cannot be just. Even if one somehow fudges the
issue, "the use of arms must not produce evils and disorders graver than
the evil to be eliminated." The evil conjured by NATO’s and KLA’s propaganda machine was indeed grave. But it was
not real. In contrast, what
took place after the war
– i.e., under the NATO/KLA occupation – is amply documented. At the
beginning of NATO’s aggression, there were fewer dead, fewer refugees,
less destruction, and more order than at any time since the beginning of
the occupation. NATO has replaced a
fabricated evil with a very real evil of its own.
Monument to Evil
What began six years ago may have been
Albright’s War
on Clinton’s watch, but both Albright and Clinton have been gone from
office for what amounts to a political eternity. For four years now,* the
occupation of Kosovo has continued with the blessing – implicit or
otherwise – of Emperor Bush II, who launched his own
illegal war in Iraq. Kosovo is not a partisan, but an
imperial issue; that is why there has been virtually no debate on it since the first missiles were fired.
Six years* to the day since NATO aircraft began their onslaught, Kosovo
is a chauvinistic, desolate hellhole. Serbian lives, property, culture,
and heritage been
systematically destroyed, often right before the eyes of NATO "peacekeepers." Through it all, Imperial officials, Albanian lobbyists, and various
presstitutes have been working overtime to paint a canvas that would
somehow cover up the true horror of occupation.
Their "liberated" Kosovo represents everything that is wrong about the
world we live in. It stands as a monument to the power of lies, the
successful murder of law, and the triumph of might over justice. Such a
monument
must be torn down, or else
the entire world
may end up looking like Kosovo sometime down the line. If that’s what
the people in "liberal Western democracies" are willing to see happen,
then their civilization is well and truly gone.
(*originally published March 25, 2005)